What could cause cavitation in hydraulic systems?

Cavitation in hydraulic systems occurs when the pressure of the hydraulic fluid falls below its vapor pressure, which can lead to the formation of vapor bubbles. When these bubbles collapse or implode, it can cause significant damage to components such as pumps and valves due to the shock waves generated by the collapsing bubbles.

Insufficient hydraulic fluid supply is a primary cause of cavitation. When there isn’t enough fluid to maintain the required hydraulic pressure, regions of low pressure can develop. This scenario is often exacerbated at points in the system where the fluid velocity increases, such as near a pump or through a narrow passage, further reducing the local pressure and allowing vapor to form.

While factors such as excessive temperature can lead to changes in fluid properties, or high viscosity increasing resistance to flow, insufficient supply directly affects the pressure levels within the hydraulic system, making it a more direct cause of cavitation. Low pressure in the hydraulic lines can also be a contributing factor but is often a result of insufficient fluid or other issues affecting fluid dynamics. High fluid viscosity, although it impacts flow and pressure, does not directly create the conditions necessary for cavitation in the same manner as insufficient hydraulic fluid supply does.