What causes cavitation in a hydraulic system?

Cavitation in a hydraulic system occurs primarily due to an excessive drop in pressure. When the pressure in the hydraulic fluid falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid, it causes the fluid to vaporize, forming bubbles. These vapor bubbles can collapse violently when they move into higher-pressure areas within the system, leading to significant damage to components such as pumps and valves.

Understanding this process highlights the importance of maintaining appropriate pressure levels throughout the hydraulic system to prevent cavitation. Operators need to monitor and manage pressure drops that can happen due to factors like blockage, excessive flow rates, or inadequate inlet conditions. This knowledge ensures the system functions effectively and minimizes wear and tear on its components.

While low fluid levels, high temperatures, and inadequate pump sizing can all contribute to issues in a hydraulic system, they do not directly cause cavitation in the same way that an excessive drop in pressure does. The inherent focus should always be on maintaining proper pressure to ensure smooth operation and longevity of hydraulic components.